农经

如何赋予集体成员农村集体资产股权有偿退出的权能，是农村集体产权制度改革面临的重点问题。本文采用理论分析与实际案例相结合的方法，对各地法规制度中集体资产股权有偿退出方式、受让主体、程序和价格进行全面梳理及对比，得到以下结论。农村集体资产股权强调赋予农民更加充分的财产权利，集体成员对其持有的农村集体资产股权享有有偿退出的权利，有偿退出需要满足相应条件，不宜强制退出。农村集体资产股权有偿退出时，主要由本集体其他成员受让，或由集体赎回。本集体内部成员受让集体资产股权时，需要规定最高持有份额，价格由双方协商确定；由集体赎回时，需要着重考虑集体是否具有赎回能力。基于以上研究结论，本文提出建议：从法律层面明确农村集体资产股权的性质；在保持静态管理模式的基础上，尝试探索突破农村集体资产股权受让的封闭性；对农村集体资产股权受让主体及权能属性进行明确；加大农村集体资产股权有偿退出试点力度。

How to empower collective members with the right to withdraw their shares in rural collective assets is a key issue in the reform of rural collective property rights system.This paper adopts a method combining theoretical analysis and practical case studies to comprehensively review and compare the methods, transferees, procedures, and pricing of compensated withdrawal of collective asset shares across various local regulations and systems.The following conclusions are drawn: Rural collective asset shares emphasize granting farmers more comprehensive property rights.Collective members have the right to compensated withdrawal of their shares in rural collective assets, which must meet certain conditions and should not be enforced compulsorily.When compensated withdrawal of rural collective asset shares occurs, the shares are primarily transferred to other members of the same collective or repurchased by the collective.When transferring shares within the collective, a maximum holding share should be stipulated, and the price should be determined through negotiation.When the collective repurchases the shares, it is essential to carefully consider whether the collective has the financial capacity to do so.Based on the above findings, this paper proposes the following recommendations: Firstly, clearly define the legal nature of rural collective asset shares.Secondly, while maintaining the static management model, avenues should be explored to gradually open up the transfer of these shares beyond the closed collective system.Thirdly, it's necessary to explicitly specify the eligible transferees and the specific attributes of the rights associated with rural collective asset shares.Finally, intensify efforts should be made to expand pilot programs for the compensated withdrawal of rural collective asset shares.